I. Nylon 66: kev loj hlob tsis tu ncua ntawm kev thov, qhov loj rau kev hloov pauv hloov

1.1 Nylon 66: kev ua tau zoo dua, tab sis tsis yog tus kheej txaus cov ntaub ntawv raw

Nylon yog lub npe nrov rau polyamide lossis PA.Nws cov qauv tshuaj yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev muaj cov pab pawg amide rov ua dua (-[NHCO]-) ntawm cov saw tseem ceeb ntawm cov molecule.Muaj ntau ntau hom nylon, uas tuaj yeem muab faib ua aliphatic PA, aliphatic-aromatic PA thiab aromatic PA raws li cov qauv ntawm cov monomer, uas aliphatic PA yog dav siv, tsim nyob rau hauv ntau ntau thiab siv nyob rau hauv ntau daim ntawv thov, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nylon 6 thiab nylon 66 ntawm aliphatic nylons.

Nylon muaj cov khoom zoo tag nrho, suav nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, kev ua kom sov, kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo, tshuaj lom neeg ua haujlwm thiab nws tus kheej lubrication, thiab muaj kev sib txhuam coefficient tsawg, qee cov nplaim hluav taws thiab ua haujlwm yooj yim.Txawm li cas los xij, nylon kuj muaj qhov tsis zoo xws li kev nqus dej siab, kev kub hnyiab, yooj yim deformation ntawm cov khoom thiab teeb meem hauv demoulding, uas yuav tsum tau hloov kho hauv kev siv los txhim kho nws cov kev ua tau zoo tag nrho.

Muaj peb qhov tseem ceeb siv rau nylon: 1) cov xov paj nylon pej xeem: nws tuaj yeem sib xyaw lossis ua kom huv si rau hauv ntau yam khoom siv kho mob thiab knitted.Nylon filaments feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv knitting thiab txhob lo lo ntxhuav kev lag luam, xws li knitting monofilament thom khwm, elastic txhob lo lo ntxhuav thom khwm thiab lwm yam ntawm hnav-resistant nylon thom khwm, nylon sarongs, yoov tshaj cum nets, nylon lace, elastic nylon outerwear, ntau yam nylon txhob lo lo ntxhuav los yog interwoven cov khoom siv silk.Nylon staple fibers feem ntau yog sib xyaw nrog cov ntaub plaub los yog lwm yam tshuaj fibers los ua ntau yam khaub ncaws hnav.2) Cov xov paj muaj nylon: Hauv kev lag luam, nylon yog siv ntau los ua cov log tsheb, cov ntaub ntawv, cov hlua, cov hlua conveyor, cov tsev pheeb suab, nuv ntses nets, thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv cov tub rog, nws yog tsuas yog siv rau parachutes thiab lwm yam khoom siv parachute.(3) Engineering plastics: ua tiav rau hauv ntau yam khoom los hloov hlau, dav siv hauv kev lag luam tsheb thiab tsheb thauj mus los.Cov khoom lag luam yog cov twj tso kua mis impellers, kiv cua, lub rooj zaum valve, bushings, bearings, ntau yam ntsuas vaj huam sib luag, automotive hluav taws xob twj, cua kub thiab txias li qub thiab lwm yam.

Cov nylon siv feem ntau yog nylon 6 thiab nylon 66, txawm hais tias lawv qhov kev ua tau zoo thiab cov ntawv thov muaj qhov sib tshooj loj, tab sis kuj hais lus, nylon 66 muaj zog dua, zoo hnav tsis kam, ilv xav, zoo tag nrho kev ua tau zoo, tab sis nkig, tsis yooj yim rau xim thiab tus nqi siab dua nylon 6. Nylon 6 tsis tshua muaj zog, softer, hnav tsis kam yog qhov hnyav dua li nylon 66, thaum ntsib qhov kub thiab txias thaum lub caij ntuj no, yooj yim los ua nkig, tus nqi feem ntau qis dua nylon 66, tus nqi zoo.Tus nqi feem ntau qis dua li ntawm nylon 66, ua rau nws raug nqi ntau dua.Yog li ntawd, nylon 6 muaj qhov zoo dua hauv kev lag luam textile, thiab nylon 66 muaj qhov zoo dua hauv kev lag luam silk thiab engineering plastics teb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov tsoos downstream ntawm nylon 66 hauv tsheb, nylon 66 tuaj yeem siv nyob rau hauv ntau qhov xwm txheej. li nylon 6.

Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov khoom thiab xav tau qauv, nylon 6 thiab nylon 66 kuj txawv heev.Ua ntej, kev lag luam loj ntawm nylon 6 yog loj dua li ntawm nylon 66, nrog rau qhov kev thov rau nylon 6 chips hauv Suav teb muaj li 3.2 lab tonnes hauv 2018, piv rau 520,000 tonnes rau nylon 66. Tsis tas li ntawd, Tuam Tshoj cov nylon 6 thiab nws cov dej ntws. raw cov ntaub ntawv caprolactam yog qhov yooj yim rau nws tus kheej txaus, nrog rau tus kheej-sufficiency tus nqi ntawm nylon 6 ncav tshaj 91% thiab caprolactam 93%;Txawm li cas los xij, tus kheej txaus tus nqi ntawm nylon 66 tsuas yog 64%, thaum cov khoom lag luam dependence ntawm cov khoom siv raw caprolactam yog siab li 100%.Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm kev hloov pauv hloov pauv, lub peev xwm rau kev hloov pauv hauv nylon 66 kev lag luam saw yog pom tseeb ntau dua li ntawm nylon 6. Daim ntawv tshaj tawm no tsom rau qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom siv, kev thov thiab thev naus laus zis ntawm nylon 66 thiab nws cov khoom siv raw khoom. , adiponitrile, ntawm ecology ntawm kev lag luam.

Nylon 66 yog tau los ntawm polycondensation ntawm adipic acid thiab adipic diamine nyob rau hauv ib tug 1: 1 molar ratio.Adipic acid feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm hydrogenation ntawm ntshiab benzene tom qab oxidation nrog nitric acid.Lub tshuab tsim khoom rau adipic acid nyob rau hauv Suav teb yog tus paub tab thiab muaj peev xwm ntau dhau.

Nyob rau hauv 2018, qhov pom meej thov rau adipic acid nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj yog 340,000 tonnes thiab lub teb chaws ntau lawm yog 310,000 tonnes, nrog tus kheej-sufficiency tus nqi ntawm ntau tshaj 90%.Txawm li cas los xij, kev tsim khoom ntawm hexamethylene diamine yog yuav luag tag nrho raws li hydrogenation ntawm adiponitrile, uas tam sim no raug xa mus rau Tuam Tshoj, yog li kev lag luam nylon 66 yog qhov tseem ceeb tag nrho rau cov neeg loj heev txawv teb chaws ntawm adiponitrile.Xav txog qhov kev lag luam tam sim no ntawm kev siv thev naus laus zis hauv tsev adiponitrile, peb ntseeg tias kev hloov pauv ntawm adiponitrile yuav ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv loj hauv kev lag luam nylon 66 xyoo tom ntej.

1.2 Nylon 66 khoom thiab kev thov: oligopoly thiab siab ntshuam dependence

Pom pom kev siv nylon 66 hauv Suav teb yog 520,000 tonnes hauv xyoo 2018, suav txog li 23% ntawm tag nrho cov khoom siv thoob ntiaj teb.Engineering plastics suav txog 49%, cov xov paj muaj 34%, cov xov paj pej xeem rau 13% thiab lwm yam kev siv rau 4%.Engineering plastics yog qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov nylon 66, nrog kwv yees li 47% ntawm nylon 66 engineering plastics siv hauv kev lag luam tsheb, ua raws li hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob (28%) thiab kev tsheb ciav hlau (25%).

Automotive tseem yog tus tsav tsheb tseem ceeb ntawm kev thov rau nylon 66, nrog rau kev ua kom pom tseeb ntawm kev siv roj thiab kev txo qis hauv tsheb tsav kev nyiam rau cov khoom hnyav dua cov hlau hauv kev xaiv cov khoom siv los ntawm cov tuam txhab tsheb.Nylon 66 yog cov khoom siv hnyav nrog cov khoom siv thermal zoo, ua rau nws yog qhov kev xaiv nrov rau cov tuam txhab tsheb thiab siv ntau yam kev siv tsheb thauj mus los.Airbags kuj yog ib qho chaw siv loj rau nylon 66 industrial filaments.Kev xav tau ntau los ntawm kev lag luam tsheb yuav tsum ua kom muaj kev loj hlob ntawm nylon 66 kev ua lag luam.

Nylon 66 kuj tseem siv rau hauv kev tsim hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob insulating qhov chaw, precision hluav taws xob cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, hluav taws xob teeb pom kev zoo, mov cookers, hluav taws xob hoovers, siab zaus hluav taws xob khoom noj khoom haus, thiab lwm yam. kev tsim khoom ntawm hlws ris thawv, keyboards thiab resistors.Nplaim retardant nylon 66 kuj tseem siv rau hauv kev tsim cov ntawv qhia zaub mov hlau clips, retainers thiab tsom pob qhov rooj.

Railways yog qhov thib peb loj tshaj plaws daim ntawv thov cheeb tsam rau nylon 66 engineering plastics.Iav fiber reinforced nylon 66 muaj zog, lub teeb, hnav resistant, corrosion resistant, yooj yim rau pwm, hloov kho rau toughening, weathering thiab rwb thaiv tsev, thiab yog nce siv nyob rau hauv lub high speed rail thiab metro industries.

Cov nylon 66 kev lag luam muaj cov yam ntxwv oligopoly, nrog rau kev tsim tawm thoob ntiaj teb ntawm nylon 66 feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv cov lag luam loj xws li INVISTA thiab Shenma, yog li cov kev txwv tsis pub nkag yog qhov siab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv raw ntawm cov khoom lag luam.Ntawm qhov kev thov sab, txawm hais tias qhov kev loj hlob ntawm lub ntiaj teb thiab Suav textile thiab automotive industries yuav poob rau hauv 2018-2019, nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntev peb ntseeg hais tias kev nce nqi zog ntawm cov pejxeem thiab nce nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg lub tsheb tswv yuav tseem coj. ntau chav rau kev thov rau textiles thiab tsheb.Nylon 66 yuav tsum muaj kev loj hlob tsis tu ncua nyob rau ob peb xyoos tom ntej no, thiab muab cov qauv khoom siv tam sim no, muaj ntau qhov kev hloov pauv hauv Suav teb.